 |
Juan Álvarez Hurtado
b. 27 Jan 1790? [1]
d. 21 Aug 1867, La Providencia, Guerrero |
| Title: |
Presidente Interino de la República Mexicana (Interim President of the Mexican Republic) |
| Term: |
4 Oct 1855 - 30 Nov 1857 |
| Chronology: |
4 Oct 1855, elected and took oath of office, session of the Junta de Representantes, Cuernavaca, State of Mexico (now in Morelos) (El Siglo Diez y Nueve, No. 2,475, 6 Oct 1855, p. 1) [2] |
| |
30 Nov 1857, ceased to hold the office upon the commencement of term of the Constitutional President of the Republic (1 Dec 1857) |
| Names/titles: |
sometimes erroneously recorded as Juan Nepomuceno Álvarez Benítez, Juan N. Álvarez |
| Biography: |
| A native of Atoyac; attended school in Mexico City; joined the forces of José María Morelos and participated in the Mexican War of Independence; emerged as a leader in the area southwest of Mexico City; after the death of Morelos, he joined Vicente Guerrero; after the attainment of independence, he served as military commander of Acapulco; supported the revolt of Antonio López de Santa Anna against the election of Manuel Gómez Pedraza (1828), which took Guerrero to the presidency (1829); fought for Guerrero in the War of the South (1830-1831), resulting from the coup of 1829; after the capture and execution of Guerrero, he consolidated his control of the Costa Grande; pronounced for the Plan de Texca (1835) against the establishment of the Centralist Republic; fought the French intervention in the Pastry War of 1838; supported the revolt of Santa Anna against the government of Anastasio Bustamante (1841) and was promoted to divisional general; negotiated with the leaders of revolts of indigenous groups in 1842 and 1843; participated in the Mexican-American War and was made commandant general in the State of Puebla (1847); promoted the creation and served as governor of the State of Guerrero (1849-1853); opposed the Plan of Guadalajara (1852) aimed at overthrowing the federal government of Mariano Arista and recalling Santa Anna (1853); was declared a military leader of the insurgency in accordance with the Plan de Ayutla (1 Mar 1854) against the dictatorship of Santa Anna; accepted the plan and directed military operations as commander-in-chief of Ejército Restaurador de la Libertad; was elected Interim President of the Republic (4 Oct 1855); entered Mexico City (15 Nov 1855); appointed Comonfort (8 Dec 1855) as Substitute President of the Republic and mostly retired from politics, but continued as the holder of the office of Interim President; his resignation submitted to the Congreso Estraordinario Constituyente was rejected on 5 Jun 1856. |
| Biographical sources: El Correo de Mexico, No. 12, 14 Sep 1867, p. 3 (obituary); Salazar Adame, Jaime, et al. Juan Álvarez Hurtado: Cuatro Ensayos. México: Gobierno del Estado de Guerrero : Asociación de Historiadores de Guerrero : M.A. Porrúa Grupo Editorial, 1999; Cienfuegos Salgado, David (ed.) Juan Álvarez (1790-1867): Recopilación Documental. Chilpancingo: Fundación Académica Guerrerense, 2007; Bushnell, Clyde Gilbert, Melgar Adalid, Mario (tr.) La Carrera Política y Militar de Juan Álvarez. México: M.A. Porrúa: Gobierno del Estado de Guerrero, 1988. online |
| Elections: |
| Candidate |
Votes (4 Oct 1855) |
| Juan Álvarez |
16 |
| Melchor Ocampo |
3 |
| Ignacio Comonfort |
3 |
| Santiago Vidaurri |
1 |
|
| Source of electoral results:
Siglo Diez y Nueve, No. 2,475, 6 Oct 1855, p. 1 [3]. |
| |
| [1] |
Birth record is not extant. |
| [2] |
After the appointment (8 Dec 1855) and swearing-in (11 Dec 1855) of Comonfort, Álvarez formally continued to hold the office of the Interim President of the Republic. There are at least two documents confirming that Álvarez was in office between 5 Jun 1856 and 1 Dec 1857. His resignation (dated 15 May 1856) was rejected by a resolution of the Congreso Estraordinario Constituyente of 5 Jun 1856 (Historia del Congreso Estraordinario Constituyente, 1856-1857, 1:425-426, 1:568). The documents include a manifesto of 7 Dec 1856 (issued at Iguala) in El Siglo Diez y Nueve, No. 2,891, 12 Dec 1856, p. 4, and a proclamation [undated but related to the events of May 1857] in El Siglo Diez y Nueve, No. 3,141, 21 May 1857, p. 3. |
| [3] |
The report says that Álvarez was elected by majority of 13 votes, but names 16 members of the junta who cast votes for him. |
