State of Han: Rulers: 403-230 BC
Each ruler is recorded under the following protocol: posthumous name(s) (shì | 諡) || personal name (míng | 名), considered tabooed (huì | 諱) upon accession.
Ruling House: Hán (韓) | |
Hóu (侯) | |
403 - 400 BC | Jǐng hóu (景侯) || Hán Qián (韓虔) [1] |
also known as: Chù (處) | |
400 - 387 BC | Liè hóu (烈侯), Wǔ hóu (武侯) || Hán Qǔ (韓取) |
387 - 377 BC | Wén hóu (文侯) |
377 - 374 BC | Āi hóu (哀侯) [2] |
374 - 362 BC* | Yì hóu (懿侯), Gòng hóu (共侯), Zhuāng hóu (莊侯) || Hán Ruòshān (韓若山) [2] |
362 - 336 BC* | Zhāo hóu (昭侯), Lí hóu (釐侯) || Hán Wǔ (韓武) |
336 - 325 BC* | Wēi hóu (威侯) [?] = Xuānhuì wáng (宣惠王) [3] |
Wáng (王) [4] | |
325 - 312 BC | Xuānhuì wáng (宣惠王) |
312 - 296 BC | Huì wáng (惠王) || Hán Cāng (韓倉) |
296 - 273 BC | Xī wáng (釐王) || Hán Jiù (韓咎) |
273 - 239 BC | Huánhuì wáng (桓惠王) |
239 - 230 BC | Hán Ān (韓安) |
- Qián was the head of the Hán clan since 409 BC. With the separation of the Hán domain from the State of Jin (403 BC), he was elevated to the position of zhūhóu (諸侯), meaning the feudal nobility, assuming the title of hóu (侯).
- According to the Historical Records, ch. 45, Āi hóu was killed in his sixth year (equated with 371 BC in the Historical Records, ch. 15). The Contemporary Bamboo Annals, however, records the killing in the second year of Liè wáng of Eastern Zhou (equated with 374 BC), while the Ancient Bamboo Annals, as cited by the Historical Records Commentary, ch. 12, says that he died in the 15th year of Huán gōng of Jin, same as Jìng hóu of Zhao (the latter's death dated by the Historical Records, ch. 15, to 375 BC), and four years before the death of Wǔ hóu of Wei (dated by Historical Records, ch. 15, to 371 BC).
- The Wei chronology in the Historical Records from the beginning to the end of the reign of Huìchéng wáng (319 BC) is actually misaligned by one year as evident from the transition from Wǔ hóu to Huìchéng wáng. This source puts the death of Wǔ hóu in 371 BC (ch. 44) and the Ancient Bamboo Annals indicates that he died in 370 BC. The latter date is confirmed by the fact that the calendar first year of Huìchéng wáng is equated to 369 BC when a solar eclipse occurred.
- Since the death of Wǔ hóu is bound to a celestial event and might be considered as reasonably well identified, the killing of Āi hóu has to be dated 374 BC. The succeeding reigns of Yì hóu, Zhāo hóu and Wēi hóu (up to the assumption of the title of wáng) are shifted accordingly (*).
- This ruler is named Xuānhuì wáng in the Historical Records despite the fact that originally he bore the title of hóu. The Ancient Bamboo Annals in the entry for the ninth royal year of Huìchéng wáng of Wei (equated to 326 BC) mentioned Wēi hóu of Zheng (鄭威侯) and Xuān wáng of Zheng (鄭宣王), the capital of Han, implying that Wēi hóu was probably the name of Xuānhuì wáng before the assumption of the title of wáng.
- The Historical Records gives three different dates for the adoption of the the title of wáng: in his 11th year (ch. 45), in his 10th year (ch. 15; equated with 323 BC), and/or in the 13th year of Huìwén wáng of Qin (325 BC; ch. 5). With the realignment of the dates indicated above, the 11th year would be 325 BC; leaving the 10th year reported in ch. 15 as a plausible oversight of 十 instead of 十一.