Scotland: Kings and Regents: 1005-1304Royal houses: Cenél nGabráin (Dál Riatai) [1005-1058], Cenél nGabráin (Dál Riatai)
[1058-1286]; Balliol [1292-1296]
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| Rex Scottorum [1] | |
| 1005 - 25 Nov 1034 | Malcolm II (Máel Coluim Forranach mac Cináeda) |
| 1034 - 14 Aug 1040? | Duncan I (Donnchad An t-Ilgarach mac Crínáin) |
| 1040 - 14 (15?) Aug or 5 Dec 1057 | Macbeth (Mac Bethad Rí Deircc mac Findláich) |
| 8 Sep or 8 Dec 1057 - 23 Apr 1058 | Lulach Tairbith mac Gilla Comgáin |
| 25 Apr 1058 - 12 or 13 Nov 1093 | Malcolm III (Máel Coluim Ceann Mór mac Donnchada) [2] |
| 1093 - 12? May 1094 | Donald III (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada) |
| 12? May 1094 - 12 Nov 1094 | Duncan II (Donnchad mac Mail Choluim) |
| 1094 - 1097 | Donald III (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada) |
| 1097 - 8 Jan 1107 | Edgar (Étgar mac Mail Choluim) |
| 1107 - 23 Apr 1124 | Alexander I (Alaxandair mac Mail Choluim) |
| Apr/May 1124 - 24 May 1153 | David I (Dabíd mac Mail Choluim) |
| 27? May 1153 - 9 Dec 1165 | Malcolm IV (Máel Coluim Ceann Mór mac Eanric) |
| 24 Dec 1165 - 4 Dec 1214 | William (Uilliam Garbh mac Eanric) |
| 5 Dec 1214 - 8 Jul 1249 | Alexander II (Alaxandair mac Uilliam) |
| 13 Jul 1249 - 18 or 19 Mar 1286 | Alexander III (Alaxandair mac Alaxandair) |
| Custodes regni Scotiae de communi consilio constituti [3][4][5] | |
| 28 or 29 Apr 1286 - 12 Jun 1291 | William Fraser bishop of St Andrews |
| 28 or 29 Apr 1286 - 12 Jun 1291 | Robert Wishart bishop of Glasgow |
| 28 or 29 Apr 1286 - 10 Sep 1289 | Duncan (Donnchadh) earl of Fife |
| 28 or 29 Apr 1286 - May/Jun 1289 | Alexander Comyn earl of Buchan |
| 28 or 29 Apr 1286 - 12 Jun 1291 | James Stewart |
| 28 or 29 Apr 1286 - 12 Jun 1291 | John Comyn of Badenoch |
| Superior Dominus regni Scotiae | |
| 12 Jun 1291 - 20 Nov 1292 | Edward I, King of England [6] |
| Dei gratia Rex Scottorum | |
| 20 Nov 1292 - 2 Jul 1296 | John I (John de Balliol) [7][8] |
| Custos regni Scotiae | |
| 1297/1298 - after 22 Jul 1298 | William Wallace |
| before 5 Dec 1298 - May? 1300 | Robert the Bruce (Roibert a Briuis) |
| before 5 Dec 1298 - 1304? | John Comyn of Badenoch |
| 19 Aug 1299 - b/w Dec 1300 and May 1301 | William Lamberton bishop of St Andrews |
| May 1300 - b/w Dec 1300 and May 1301 | Ingram d'Umphraville |
| b/w Dec 1300 and May 1301 - 1304 | John de Soules (Soulis) |
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| [1] | Starting with the reign of Alexander I, Deo rectore rex Scottorum (King of Scots, God [being] ruler). |
| [2] | Also styled Scottorum Basileus. |
| [3] | Also in official use: Custodes Scotie de communitate electi, Custodes regni Scotiae per communitatem ejusdem regni electi, Custodes regni Scotiae. |
| [4] | William bishop of Dunkeld may have served as a member of the Guardinship or as a provisional replacement for the bishop of St Andrews during his trip to England (1286). |
| [5] | Maighread (Margaret, the Maid of Norway) was recognized as heir presumptive in 1284 but was never proclaimed queen (died in Sep 1290). |
| [6] | Represented in Scotland by the Guardians appointed on 12 Jun 1291 (William Fraser bishop of St Andrews, Robert Wishart bishop of Glasgow, James Stewart, and John Comyn of Badenoch). |
| [7] | Became King of Scotland by the award of the arbitrator, king Edward I, pronoced in the castle of Berwick on 17 Nov 1292. He swore fealty to superior dominus Edward on 20 Nov 1292 and was inaugurated at Scone on 30 Nov 1292. |
| [8] | Surrendered the kingdom of Scotland to Edward I by an instrument signed on 2 Jul 1296 at Kincardine; ceremonial degradation took place on 8 or 10 July 1296. |
Last update: 29 Nov 2023