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Henry
b. 28 Feb 1155, London, England
d. 11 Jun 1183, Martel, Quercy, France |
| Title: |
(Dei Gracia) Rex Anglorum et Dux Normannorum et Comes Andegavorum [(By the Grace of God) King of the English and Duke of the Normans and Count of the Angevins] [1; 4] |
| Term: |
14 Jun 1170 - 11 Jun 1183 |
| Chronology: |
14 Jun 1170, crowned, Westminster Abbey |
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27 Aug 1172, crowned, Winchester Cathedral |
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11 Jun 1183, died |
| Names/titles: |
Count of Anjou and Maine and Brittany [from Jan 1169]; byname: Henry FitzHenry, Henry the Young King |
| Biography: |
| Henry was the second son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. In the spring of 1156, Henry became the heir of the Angevin possessions after his elder brother, William count of Poitou, died. Henry was only fifteen when his father secured his coronation as King of the English (14 Jun 1170) by Roger, Archbishop of York, who officiated in place of the exiled Thomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury. Louis VII of France, the father of the Young King's wife, Margaret, was displeased with the fact that his daughter remained uncrowned. Henry II had to order a second coronation at Winchester performed by Rotrou, Archbishop of Rouen. The coronations carried with it no power and the Young King rose in rebellion against his father in 1173. The treaty between the two kings of England, concluded in 1174, established a peace which lasted for some years. In 1183 Henry and his brother, Geoffrey, aided the Aquitanian rebels against their younger brother, Richard (later King Richard I), but the Young King suddenly fell ill and died of dysentery. Biography source: [2; 3] |
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| [1] |
The legend on Henry's Great Seal reads: HENRICVS REX ANGLORUM ET DUX NORMANNORUM ET COMES ANDEGAVORUM [5]. The words "dei gracia" were added to the style of the Young King in letters and charters by May or early June 1173. |
| [2] |
Handbook of British Chronology (1986) |
| [3] |
"Henry II", by W.L. Warren (University of California Press, Berkeley 1973). |
| [4] |
"Henry II's Heir: the Acta and Seal of Henry the Young King, 1170-83," by R. J. Smith in ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW, Volume 116, 466 (2001), pp. 297-326. |
| [5] |
"The Great Seals of England", by Alfred Benjamin Wyon and Allan Wyon (London, Chiswick Press 1887). |
