Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães

The son of António Luís Machado Guimarães barão de Joane (baron of Joane), a Brazilian noble; studied mathematics, philosophy and botany at the University of Coimbra (from 1866); graduated as licenciado (1875); became a professor at the Faculty of Philosophy in the University of Coimbra (1877); earned doctor's degree (1877); received another degree as licenciado in agriculture, zootechnics and rural economy (1883); elected to the Câmara dos Deputados (Chamber of Deputies, 1882-1887), representing the Renewal Party (Partido Regenerador); elected to the the Câmara dos Pares (Chamber of Peers, 1890-1893 and 1894-1895) as a representative of the University; served as minister of public works (1893) in the government of Hintze Ribeiro; joined (1903) the Portuguese Republican Party (Partido Republicano Português, PRP); president of the PRP executive board (1906-1909); again elected to the Chamber of Deputies (1910); minister of foreign affairs (5 Oct 1910 - 3 Sep 1911) in the Provisional Government after the fall of monarchy; elected a deputy of the Assembleia Nacional Constituinte (National Constituent Assembly, 1910-1911); unsuccessfully contested presidential election (1911), losing to Manuel de Arriaga; served as envoy (1912-1913) and then as ambassador plenipotentiary (1913-1914) of Portugal to Brazil; was appointed President of the Ministry (9 Feb 1914 - 12 Dec 1914), minister of the interior (9 Feb 1914 - 12 Dec 1914); also served as interim minister of foreign affairs (9 Feb 1914 - 23 Jun 1914), justice (23 Jun 1914 - 22 Jul 1914); as head of government, committed Portugal to the side of Great Britain in World War I; elected President of the Republic (6 Aug 1915); following the rightist revolution (5 Dec 1917), was asked to resign (9 Dec 1917), but refused; deprived of office and exiled (11 Dec 1917); lived in France (1917-1919); elected a member of the Senado (1919); appointed President of the Ministry (2 Mar 1921 - 23 May 1921), minister of the interior (2 Mar 1921 - 23 May 1921) and interim minister of agriculture (2 Mar 1921 - 4 May 1921, 19 May 1921 - 23 May 1921); lost presidential elections to Manuel Teixeira Gomes (1923); following the resignation of Teixeira Gomes, elected President of the Republic (11 Dec 1925); was forced to resign the presidency (31 May 1926) as a result of a military revolt; exiled after 1926 to France, became a vocal and virulent critic of Estado Novo; was allowed to return to Portugal (1940). Biography source: [7][8]