Primary sources:
- Ottoman Official Gazette. "Takvîm-i Vekâyi" (No. 1, 1 Nov 1831 - No. 2,119, 16 Mar 1878; No. 1, 26 Mar 1891 - No. 283, 16 May 1892; No. 1, 28 Sep 1908 - No. 4,608, 4 Nov 1922) (web site)
- TBMM Laws. "T.B.M.M. Kanunlar Dergisi" (web site)
- TBMM Proceedings. "T.B.M.M. Zabıt Ceridesi" (Ankara: various publishers, 1929-) || "T.B.M.M. Tutanak Dergisi" (Ankara: T.B.M.M. Basımevi, 1945-) (web site)
Secondary sources:
- Alderson (1956). "The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty", by A. D. Alderson (Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1956)
- Arnold (1924). "The Caliphate", by Sir Thomas W. Arnold (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924) (web site)
- Buzpınar (2005). Ş. Tufan Buzpınar, "The Question of Caliphate under the Last Ottoman Sultans" in Ottoman Reform and Muslim Regeneration (Library of Ottoman Studies 8), ed. by Itzchak Weismann, Fruma Zachs (London: I.B. Tauris, 2005), pp. 17-36.
- Finkel (2005). "Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923", by Caroline Finkel (New York: Basic Books, 2005)
- İnalcık (1973). "The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600", by Halıl İnalcık, translated by Norman Itzkowitz and Colin Imber (New York: Praeger, 1973)
- Murphey (2008). "Exploring Ottoman Sovereignty: Tradition, Image and Practice in the Ottoman Imperial Household, 1400-1800", by Rhoads Murphey (London ; New York : Continuum, 2008)
- Reychman and Zajączkowski (1968). "Handbook of Ottoman-Turkish Diplomatics", by Jan Reychman, Ananiasz Zajączkowski (Hague: Mouton, 1968)
- Theunissen (1998). "Ottoman-Venetian Diplomatics: the cAhd-names. The Historical Background and the Development of a Category of Political-Commercial Instruments together with an Annotated Edition of a Corpus of Relevant Documents", by Hans Theunissen in Electronic Journal of Oriental Studies, I (1998), no. 2, pp. 1-698.
- Umur (1980). "Osmanlı padişah tuğraları", by Suha Umur (Istanbul: Cem Yayınevi, 1980) (web site)
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