Ottoman Empire: Rulers: 1453-1922Ruling House: Âl-i Osman (Kayı boyu)
The names of each ruler appear as follows: a) given name followed by ordinal number in parentheses (never used officially) and patronymic, b) name, patronymic and the invocation el-muzaffer daima ("the ever-victorious") as found on the calligraphic seal or signature known as tughra.
Date of a ruler's death concealed during the ensuing interregnum is marked with an asterisk (*). |
|
| Padışah | Padishah [1] | |
| 29 May 1453 - 3 May 1481 | Mehmed (II) bin Murad Hân [2] |
| tughra: Mehmed bin Murad Hân muzaffer daima | |
| c. 20 May 1481 - 24 Apr 1512 | Bayezid (II) bin Mehmed Hân [3][4] |
| tughra: Bayezid bin Mehmed Hân muzaffer daima | |
| 24 Apr 1512 - 21 (or 22) Sep 1520* | Selim-şah (I) bin Bayezid Hân |
| tughra: Selim-şah bin Bayezid Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 30 Sep 1520 - 7 Sep 1566* | Süleyman-şah (I) bin Selim-şah Hân |
| tughra: Süleyman-şah bin Selim-şah Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 30 Sep 1566 - 15 Dec 1574* | Selim-şah (II) bin Süleyman-şâh Hân |
| tughra: Selim-şah bin Süleyman-şah Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 22 Dec 1574 - 16 Jan 1595* | Şah Murad (III) bin Selim-şah Hân |
| tughra: Şah Murad bin Selim-şah Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 27 Jan 1595 - 21 Dec 1603 | Mehmed (III) bin Murad Hân |
| tughra: Mehmed bin Murad Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 21 Dec 1603 - 22 Nov 1617 | Şah Ahmed (I) bin Mehmed Hân |
| tughra: Şah Ahmed bin Mehmed Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 22 Nov 1617 - 26 Feb 1618 | Şah Mustafa (I) bin Mehmed Hân |
| tughra: Şah Mustafa bin Mehmed Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 26 Feb 1618 - 19 May 1622 | Şah Osman (II) bin Ahmed Hân |
| tughra: Şah Osman bin Ahmed Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 9 May 1622 - 10 Sep 1623 | Şah Mustafa (I) bin Mehmed Hân |
| tughra: Şah Mustafa bin Mehmed Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 10 Sep 1623 - 9 Feb 1640 | Şah Murad (IV) bin Ahmed Hân |
| tughra: Şah Murad bin Ahmed Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 9 Feb 1640 - 8 Aug 1648 | Şah İbrahim bin Ahmed Hân |
| tughra: Şah İbrahim bin Ahmed Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 8 Aug 1648 - 9 Nov 1687 | Şah Mehmed (IV) bin İbrahim Hân |
| tughra: Şah Mehmed bin İbrahim Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 9 Nov 1687 - 22 Jun 1691 | Şah Süleyman (II) bin İbrahim Hân |
| tughra: Şah Süleyman bin İbrahim Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 22 Jun 1691 - 6 Feb 1695 | Şah Ahmed (II) bin İbrahim Hân |
| tughra: Şah Ahmed bin İbrahim Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 6 Feb 1695 - 22 Aug 1703 | Şah Mustafa (II) bin Mehmed Hân |
| tughra: Şah Mustafa bin Mehmed Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 22 Aug 1703 - 1 Oct 1730 | Şah Ahmed (III) bin Mehmed Hân |
| tughra: Şah Ahmed bin Mehmed Hân el-muzaffer daima | |
| 1 Oct 1730 - 13 Dec 1754 | Mahmud (I) Hân bin Mustafa Hân |
| tughra: Mahmud Hân bin Mustafa el-muzaffer daima | |
| 13 Dec 1754 - 30 Oct 1757 | Osman (III) Hân bin Mustafa Hân |
| tughra: Osman Hân bin Mustafa el-muzaffer daima | |
| 30 Oct 1757 - 21 Jan 1774 | Mustafa (III) Hân bin Ahmed Hân |
| tughra: 1757-1763: Mustafa Hân bin Ahmed el-muzaffer daima; 1763-1774: Şah Mustafa bin Ahmed el-muzaffer daima | |
| 21 Jan 1774 - 7 Apr 1789 | Abdülhamid (I) Hân bin Ahmed Hân |
| tughra: Abdülhamid Hân bin Ahmed el-muzaffer daima | |
| 7 Apr 1789 - 29 May 1807 | Selim (III) Hân bin Mustafa Hân |
| tughra: Selim Hân bin Mustafa el-muzaffer daima | |
| 29 May 1807 - 28 Jul 1808 | Mustafa (IV) Hân bin Abdülhamid Hân |
| tughra: Mustafa Hân bin Abdülhamid el-muzaffer daima | |
| 28 Jul 1808 - 1 Jul 1839 | Mahmud (II) Hân bin Abdülhamid Hân |
| tughra: Mahmud Hân bin Abdülhamid el-muzaffer daima Adlî | |
| 1 Jul 1839 - 25 Jun 1861 | Abdülmecid (I) Hân bin Mahmud Hân |
| tughra: Abdülmecid Hân bin Mahmud el-muzaffer daima | |
| 25 Jun 1861 - 30 May 1876 | Abdülâziz (I) Hân bin Mahmud Hân |
| tughra: Abdülâziz Hân bin Mahmud el-muzaffer daima | |
| 30 May 1876 - 31 Aug 1876 | Mehmed Murad (V) Hân bin Abdülmecid Hân |
| tughra: Mehmed Murad Hân bin Abdülmecid el-muzaffer daima | |
| 31 Aug 1876 - 27 Apr 1909 | Abdülhamid (II) Hân bin Abdülmecid Hân |
| tughra: Abdülhamid Hân bin Abdülmecid el-muzaffer daima, el-gazi | |
| 27 Apr 1909 - 3 Jul 1918 | Mehmed (V) Hân bin Abdülmecid Hân |
| tughra: Mehmed Hân bin Abdülmecid el-muzaffer daima, Reşad, el-gazi | |
| 4 Jul 1918 - 4 Nov 1922 | Mehmed (VI) Vahideddin Hân bin Abdülmecid Hân [5] |
| tughra: Mehmed Vahideddin Hân bin Abdülmecid el-muzaffer daima | |
| | |
| [1] | On style see Notes. |
| [2] | Also ruled during father's abdication (Dec 1444 - May 1446). |
| [3] | The commencement of the reign of Bayezid (II) is deemed to have begun upon his entrance into Constantinople and accession to the throne. Authorities differ on the date of arrival which apparently took place on a day between 19 and 23 May 1481. |
| [4] | Padışah (in dissidence) |
| 31 May 1481 - 20 Jun 1481 Cem (Cem bin Mehmed Hân) | |
| [5] | Authority of the Ottoman Empire was derecognised by a resolution of the Constituent Assembly of Turkey passed 2 Nov 1922 (dated "1/2 teşrinisani 1338", i.e. 1/2 Nov 1922). Ottoman government in Constantinople effectively collapsed 4 Nov 1922; Vahideddin left the national territory 17 Nov 1922 and was deposed as halife 19 Nov 1922. |
Last update: 29 Nov 2023