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Madagascar: Heads of State: 1958-2024

Président du Gouvernement provisoire de la République Malgache | President of the Provisional Government of the Malagasy Republic
14 Oct 1958 - 1 May 1959 Philibert Tsiranana
Filohan’ny Repoblika Malagasy = Président de la République Malgache (from ? ? 1965 Président de la République Malagasy) | President of the Malagasy Republic
1 May 1959 - 11 Oct 1972 Philibert Tsiranana 
Lehiben’ny Governemanta = Chef du Gouvernement | Head of the Government
11 Oct 1972 - 5 Feb 1975 Gabriel Ramanantsoa
5 Feb 1975 - 11 Feb 1975 Richard Ratsimandrava [1]
Filohan’ny Komitim-pitondrana Miaramila | President of the Military Directory
11 Feb 1975 - 15 Jun 1975 Gilles Andriamahazo
Filohan’ny Filankevitra Faratampon’ny Tolompiavotana, Filohampanjakana sady Lehiben’ny Governemanta = (to 31 Dec 1975) Président du Conseil Suprême de la Révolution, Chef de l'État et du Gouvernement | President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council, Head of State and Government
15 Jun 1975 - 4 Jan 1976 Didier Ignace Ratsiraka
Filohan’ny Repoblika Demokratika Malagasy | President of the Malagasy Democratic Republic
4 Jan 1976 - 18 Sep 1992 Didier Ignace Ratsiraka 
Filohan’ny Repoblika | President of the Republic [2]
18 Sep 1992 - 27 Mar 1993 Didier Ignace Ratsiraka 
27 Mar 1993 - 4 Sep 1996 Albert Zafy
Praiminisitra, Filohampanjakana sady Lehiben’ny Governemanta | Prime Minister, Head of State and Government
4 Sep 1996 - 9 Feb 1997 Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana
Filohan’ny Repoblika | President of the Republic [2]
9 Feb 1997 - 6 May 2002 Didier Ignace Ratsiraka  [4][5]
6 May 2002 - 17 Mar 2009 Marc Ravalomanana  [6]
Filohan’ny Fitondrana Miaramila | President of the Military Directory [7]
17 Mar 2009 - 17 Mar 2009 Hippolyte Raharison Ramaroson
Filohan’ny Fahefana Avon’ny Tetezamita | President of the High Transitional Authority
17 Mar 2009 - 24 Jan 2014 Andry Nirina Rajoelina
Filohan’ny Repoblika | President of the Republic [2]
24 Jan 2014 - 7 Sep 2018 Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina Rakotoarimanana
7 Sep 2018 - 19 Jan 2019 Rivo Rakotovao
19 Jan 2019 - Andry Nirina Rajoelina 

[1] Ostensibly acting for the absent incumbent. Ratsimandrava was appointed to exercise the duties of head of government by decree signed by Ramanantsoa on 5 Feb 1975. A decision passed by Conseil Supérieur des Institutions on the same day certified the impediment of Ramanantsoa and approved the appointment of Ratsimandrava.
[2] In occiasional official use: Prezidan'ny Repoblika
[3] Also in official use: Praiminisitra sady Lehiben’ny Governemanta | Prime Minister, Head of Government
[4] Filohan’ny Repoblika | President of the Republic (in dissidence)
  22 Feb 2002 - 18 Apr 2002 Marc Ravalomanana
[5] Chef de l'État indépendant d'Antsiranana (in dissidence)
  30 Apr 2002 - 6 May 2002 Jean-Robert Gara
[6] Filohan’ny Repoblika | President of the Republic (in dissidence)
  6 May 2002 - 5 Jul 2002 Didier Ratsiraka 
[7] While disclaiming the establishment of the Military Directory in accordance with Ordonnance n°2009/001 of 17 Mar 2009, its members (Hippolyte Raharison Ramaroson, Ranto Rabarisoa, Rivo Hanitra Razafindralambo) held a meeting to sign Ordonnance n°2009/002 of 17 Mar 2009, transferring executive power to Andry Nirina Rajoelina (confirmed by decision of the Constitutional Court of 18 Mar 2009).