Ethiopia: Heads of State: 1855-1974
Ruler names are marked as follows: [+] marks baptismal name (yəkrəstəna səm) when it is different from common name; [·] separates common and/or baptismal name from the throne name (səma mängəśtu); ’Abba {...} is the horse name (yäfäräs səm), literally referred to as "Father of {...}", where {...} is the name of the iconic horse. In the 19th century many princes and other noblemen were referred to by their "horse names". |
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| Śəyumä ’Əgzi’äbḥer Nəguśä Nägäśt zä ’Ityoṗṗya | Elect of God, Emperor of Ethiopia | |
| 9 Feb 1855 - 13 Apr 1868 | Kassa Haylä Giyorgis +Śahla Dəngəl · Tewoderos II Abba Taţäq |
| 11 Jun 1868 - 11 Jul 1871 | Gobäze Gäbrä Mädḥani +Täklä Giyorgis II Abba Jahid |
| ? Sep 1871 - 10 Mar 1889 | Kassa Mərḉä Golja +Yoḥannəs IV ’Abba Bäzbəz Qäy |
| ? Mar 1889 - 12 Dec 1913 | Mənilək Bäšäh Wəräd +Śahlä Maryam Ḫaylä Mäläkot · Mənilək II ’Abba Dañaw |
| 12 Dec 1913 - 27 Sep 1916 | ’Iyasu V Mika’el +Kəflä Ya‘qob ’Abba Ṭena |
| Śəyəmtä ’Əgzi’äbḥer Nəgəśtä Nägäśt zä’Ityoṗṗya | Elect of God, Empress of Ethiopia | |
| 27 Sep 1916 - 2 Apr 1930 | Zäwditu Mənilək +Askalä Maryam |
| Śəyumä ’Əgzi’äbḥer Nəguśä Nägäśt zä ’Ityoṗṗya | Elect of God, Emperor of Ethiopia | |
| 2 Apr 1930 - 9 May 1936 | Täfäri Mäkonnən +Ḫaylä Śəllase · Ḫaylä Śəllase I ’Abba Ṭäqəl |
| Imperatore d’Etiopia [1][2] | |
| 9 May 1936 - 5 May 1941 | Vittorio Emanuele III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro) [3] |
| Śəyumá ’Əgzi’äbḥer Nəguśä Nägäśt zä ’Ityoṗṗya | Elect of God, Emperor of Ethiopia | |
| 18 Jan 1941 - 12 Sep 1974 | Täfäri Mäkonnən +Ḫaylä Śəllase · Ḫaylä Śəllase I ’Abba Ṭäqəl |
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| [1] | In the context of the Italian colony Africa Orientale Italiana |
| [2] | The use of the title Imperatore d’Etiopia was informally discontinued after 23 Sep 1943; official change of the royal style was sanctioned by the decree of 27 Nov 1943 (period of application backdated to 8 Sep 1943; published in Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d’Italia, No. 4, 8 Dec 1943). |
| [3] | Also in Italy and Albania. |
Last update: 17 Dec 2024