Liao: Polity Style: 922-1123 |
| before 938 |
Qìdān (契丹), Dà Qìdān (大契丹) | Khitan, Great Khitan |
| 922 (916?) |
the chieftain of a Khitan tribe, Ābǎojī (阿保機), became an independent ruler [1] |
| 938 |
name of the state is changed to Dà Liáo (大遼) (Eastern Capital Account, ch. 123; Old History of the Five Dynasties, ch. 137) |
| 938 - 983 |
Dà Liáo (大遼) | Great Liao |
| 983 |
name of the state is changed to Dà Qìdān (大契丹) (Eastern Capital Account, ch. 123; Khitan State Records, ch. 7) |
| 983 - 1066 |
Dà Qìdān (大契丹) | Great Khitan |
| 1066 |
name of the state is reverted to Dà Liáo (大遼) (Eastern Capital Account, ch. 123; Khitan State Records, ch. 9) |
| 1066 - 4 Jan 1123 |
Dà Liáo (大遼) | Great Liao |
| 4 Jan 1123 |
the Southern Capital of Liao is captured by the army of Jurchen Jin (History of Liao, ch. 29; History of Jin, ch. 2) [2] |
| |
| [1] |
Khitan State Records, ch. 1, says that Ābǎojī named himself emperor (locally known as Tiānhuáng wáng | 天皇王) and named his state as Qìdān (契丹) in the first year of Shéncè (神冊) [916], but the era was apparently invented later and applied retrospectively. Old History of the Five Dynasties, ch. 137, recorded the adoption of this title by the end of Tiānyòu (天祐) era [922], omitting any reference to the state name. |
| [2] |
The conquest of Liao by the armies of Jurchen Jin included the capture of the five capitals of Liao: Eastern Capital (1116), Supreme Capital (1120), Central Capital (1122) and Western Capital (1122). The Southern Capital, also called Yānjīng (燕京), located on the territory of modern Beijing, was captured on 31 Dec 1122 and the ruler of Jurchen Jin Āgǔdǎ entered the city on 4 Jan 1123. |
