Primary sources:
- New History of the Five Dynasties. The New History of the Five Dynasties (Xīn wǔdài shǐ|新五代史) online; online
- Old History of the Five Dynasties. The Old History of the Five Dynasties (Jiù wǔdài shǐ|舊五代史) online; online
- Zīzhì Tòngjiàn. Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance (Zīzhì tōngjiàn|資治通鑑) online
Secondary sources:
- Moule (1957). Moule, Arthur Christopher (ed.) The Rulers Of China 221 B.C. – A.D. 1949. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957. online
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