 |
Karl I.
b. 17 Aug 1887, Schloß Persenbeug, Lower Austria, Austria-Hungary
d. 1 Apr 1922, Villa Quinta do Monte, Madeira |
| Title: |
Von Gottes Gnaden, Kaiser von Österreich, Apostolischer König von Ungarn, König von Böhmen, Dalmatien, Kroatien, Slavonien und Galizien, Lodomerien und Illyrien, König von Jerusalem, etc.; Erzherzog von Österreich, Großherzog von Toskana und Krakau, Herzog von Lothringen und von Salzburg, von Steier, von Kärnten, Krain und der Bukovina; Großfürst von Siebenbürgen; Markgraf von Mähren; Herzog von Ober- und Niederschlesien, von Modena, Parma, Piacenza und Guastalla, von Auschwitz und Zator, von Teschen, Friaul, Ragusa und Zara; Gefürsteter Graf von Habsburg und Tyrol, von Kyburg, Görz und Gradisca; Fürst von Trient und von Brixen; Markgraf von Ober- und Niederlausitz und in Istrien; Graf von Hohenembs, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg etc.; Herr von Triest, von Cattaro und auf der Windischen Mark; Grosswojwod der Wojwodschaft Serbien, etc. |
|
(By the grace of God, Emperor of Austria, Apostolic King of Hungary, King of Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, and Galitzia, Lodomeria and Illyria, King of Jerusalem, etc.; Archduke of Austria, Grand Duke of Tuscany and Cracow, Duke of Lorraine and of Salzburg, of Styria, of Carinthia, Carniola and the Bukovina; Grand Prince of Transylvania; Margrave of Moravia; Duke of Upper and Lower Silesia, of Modena, Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla, of Auschwitz [Oswiecim] and Zator, of Teschen [Czeszyn], Friuli, Ragusa [Dubrovnik] and Zara [Zadar]; Princely Count of Habsburg and Tyrol, of Kyburg, Gorizia and Gradisca; Prince of Trent [Trento] and Brixen [Bressanone]; Margrave of Upper and Lower Lusatia and in Istria; Count of Hohenembs, Feldkirch, Bregenz, Sonnenberg, etc.; Lord of Trieste, of Cattaro [Kotor], and in the Wendish Mark; Grand Voivode of the Voivodina of Serbia, etc.) |
| Term: |
21 Nov 1916 - 11 Nov 1918 |
| Chronology: |
21 Nov 1916,
succeeded to the throne of Austria, Hungary etc. [1] |
|
11 Nov 1918, renounced participation in all affairs of state in Austria, proclamation (dated 11 Nov 1918) [2] |
| Names/titles: |
Original name: Carl Franz Joseph Ludwig Hubert Georg Otto Maria (baptised 19 Aug 1887); IV. Károly as Apostolic King of Hungary, etc. |
| Other offices: |
Magyarország Apostoli Királya (Apostolic King of Hungary) as IV. Károly [21 Nov 1916 - 1 Apr 1922, continued as title holder in the period when he was absent and/or not recognised in Hungary] (link) |
| Biography: |
| Son of Erzherzog Otto Franz Joseph Karl Ludwig Maria and descendant of Emperor Franz I; privately educated; attended the Schotten grammar school in Vienna (1900-1902); appointed second lieutenant in the Ulan Regiment Erzherzog Otto No. 1 (1903); joined the Seventh Dragoon Regiment (1905); promoted to full lieutenant (1906), captain (1909), major (1912); studied law and state-craft at the University of Prague (1906-1908); served with his regiment in Bohemia (1908-1912) and Eastern Galicia (1912); married Zita Marie der Gnaden Adelgunde Michaele Raphaele Gabriele Josephine Antonie Luise Agnes (Zita Maria delle Grazie Adelgonda Micaela Raffaela Gabriella Giuseppina Antonia Luisa Agnese) Princess of Bourbon-Parma (21 Oct 1911); moved to Vienna, where assumed command of a battalion in the Infantry Regiment No. 39 (1912); after the death of his uncle, Franz Ferdinand Karl Ludwig Josef Maria (28 Jun 1914), became heir presumptive; assigned to the Hussar Regiment No. 1 Kaiser with the rank of colonel (21 Jul 1914); promoted to major-general (1915), lieutenant-field-marshal (1916); acceded to the throne after the death of Emperor Franz Joseph I.; crowned as King of Hungary in Budapest (30 Dec 1916); attempted to take Austria-Hungary out of the First World War through a separate peace (Sixtus Affair); renounced participation in all affairs of state in Austria (11 Nov 1918) and in Hungary (13 Nov 1918), hesitating to sign abdications; moved together with his family to Switzerland (1919); made two attempts to regain the Hungarian throne (1921); interned by the Allies on Madeira, where he died after a few months. |
| Biographical sources: "Kaiser Karl: Der letzte Monarch Österreich-Ungarns 1887-1922", by Heinz Rieder (Munich: Callwey, 1981); Wiener Zeitung, Nr. 187, Donnerstag, den 18. August 1887, p. 1 (notice on birth); Pester Lloyd, Nr. 76, Montag, 3. April 1922, pp. 1-2 (obituary). |
| |
| [1] |
Wiener Zeitung, Nr. 269, Mittwoch, den 22. November 1916. Extra-Ausgabe. |
| [2] |
Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung, Nr. 12168, Montag, 11. November 1918, p. 1. |
|
Image: photograph by E. Foerster, 1917. |
