Afghanistan: Heads of State: 1880-1973Ruling clan: Muḥammadzay (Bārakzay tribe) except for as noted below
The names of each ruler appear as follows: a) official name as normally found on the calligraphic seal or signature known as tughra, b) official honorific title(s) in italics. |
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| Amīr [1][2] | |
| 20 Jul 1880 - 3 Oct 1901 | ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Khān Ḍiyāʾ al-Milla wa al-Dīn [3][4] |
| 3 Oct 1901 - 20 Feb 1919 | Ḥabīb Allāh Khān Sirāj al-Milla wa al-Dīn |
| 21 Feb 1919 - 28 Feb 1919 | Naṣr Allāh Khān |
| 28 Feb 1919 - 9 Jun 1926 | Amān Allāh Khān Sayf al-Milla wa al-Dīn, Ghāzī |
| Pādshāh-i Afghānistān | |
| 9 Jun 1926 - 14 Jan 1929 | Amān Allāh Khān Sayf al-Milla wa al-Dīn, Ghāzī |
| 14 Jan 1929 - 17 Jan 1929 | ʿInāyat Allāh Shāh Muʿin al-Salṭana |
| Amīr | |
| 17 Jan 1929 - 13 Oct 1929 | Ḥabīb Allāh Khādim-i Dīn-i Rasūl Allāh, Ghāzī [5][6] |
| Pādshāh-i Afghānistān = De Afghānistān Pāchā | |
| 17 Oct 1929 - 8 Nov 1933 | Muḥammad Nādir Shāh Ghāzī (posthumous: Shāh-i Shahīd) |
| 8 Nov 1933 - 17 Jul 1973 | Muḥammad Ẓāhir Shāh Payraw-i Dīn-i Matīn-i Islām, Banda-i Khudā, al-Mutawakkil ʿalā-Allāh |
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| [1] | In the official English-language version of documents, the style used after 1905 is Amir, Independent King of the State of Afghanistan and its Dependencies. |
| [2] | The Constitution of 9 Apr 1923 (original text in Pashto) refers to the ruler as Pādshāh, but the style Amīr continues in official use. |
| [3] | Proclaimed Amīr at a public assembly near Charikar 20 Jul 1880 and entered into Kabul 11 Aug 1880. |
| [4] | Dissident rulers (in Herat): |
| ? Apr 1887 - ? Jun 1887 Tīmūr Shāh Khān Gilzay | |
| 14 Aug 1887 - ? Sep 1887 Muḥammad Ayyūb Khān | |
| Dissident ruler (in Balkh): | |
| 1 Aug 1887 - 29 Sep 1887 Muḥammad Isḥāq Khān | |
| [5] | A member of the Kalakānī clan (referred to by Pashtun sources as Bāchā-i Saqqāʾ). |
| [6] | Amīr (in dissidence) |
| 17 Jan 1929 - 9 Feb 1929 ʿAlī Aḥmad Khān Jān | |
| Pādshāh-i Afghānistān (in dissidence) | |
| 21 Jan 1929 - 23 May 1929 Amān Allāh Shāh Sayf al-Milla wa al-Dīn, Ghāzī | |
| Amīr (in dissidence) | |
| 23 May 1929 - 31 May 1929 ʿAlī Aḥmad Khān Jān | |
Last update: 29 Nov 2023