Qing CALENDAR: Gregorian (all); MAIN RECORD: languages used: Classical Chinese | Manchu; scripts: Chinese (traditional) | Manchu - original in parentheses ; TRANSLITERATION: Hanyu Pinyin | Möllendorff; OTHER: English equivalents Sources Polity Style: 1636-1912 Polity Style: 1917 Emperors: 1636-1912 Emperor: 1917 Heads of Government: 1911-1912 Last updated on: 04 Jun 2022 16:22:32