Primary sources:
- History of Ming. The History of Ming (Míng shǐ|明史) online
- Veritable Records of Ming. Veritable Records of Ming (Míng shílù|明實錄) online
Secondary sources:
- Moule (1957). Moule, Arthur Christopher (ed.) The Rulers Of China 221 B.C. – A.D. 1949. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957. online
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